For shipping gaseous and liquid renewable fuels are the only mid-term alternatives to conventional fuels as electrification is not possible. Source: Cameron Venti
The European transport sector is the only major sector where greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are continuously increasing. Source: shutterstock
Advanced RESfuels can be integrated with existing infrastructure as drop-in fuels. Source: FNR
The German plant sunliquid® by Clariant produces sugars and ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues such as cereal straw, corn stover or sugarcane bagasse. Source: Clariant
The straw is first shredded and thermally pre-treated in order to open the stable lignocellulose structure. Source: Clariant
The cellulosic raw material is steam-heated under pressure to open up its lignocellulose structure and to access the sugar chains easier. The chemical-free pre-treatment lowers production and investment costs. At the same time environmental, health and safety risks are minimized. Source: Clariant
Special microbes are added that quickly produce large amounts of feedstock and process specific enzymes. These feedstock and process specific enzymes act as a kind of biological scissors, which break up the long cellulose chains. Source: Clariant
The tailored enzymes ensure efficient hydrolysis and saccharification of the cellulose contained in the raw material. Source: Clariant
Specially developed fermentation organisms are added to the obtained sugar solution, which convert all types of sugar (C5 and C6) simultaneously to ethanol, resulting in a 50% higher yield compared to pure C6 processing. Source: Clariant
A very economical and energy-efficient method is then used to remove water from the solution and purify it into the end product: second-generation bioethanol. Source: Clariant
Bioethanol plant of Lillebonne in France. Source: shutterstock
Advanced RESfuels refer to liquid advanced biofuels produced from lignocellulosic feedstock (agriculture and forest residues and waste). Source: Wikipedia
Giant reed
Marginal land – land of little agricultural value – can used for sustainable feedstock production for advanced RESfuels. Source: Dudley Miles
Agricultural residues. Source: FNR
FNR
Crop rotation is another identified innovations to increase yield and, hence, decrease biomass production costs, and at the same time have potentially positive effects on environmental and social impacts. Source: BECOOL project
Alamo seedheads. Source: Kim Starr
Measuring switchgrass. Source: USDA
Sorghum is one of the feedstock options for advanced RESfuels. Source: Stefan Lefnaer
Miscanthus Feld
Breeding of miscanthus. Source: Moritz Wagner, Uni Hohenheim
Pisauikan
Miscanthus is feedstock for advanced RESfuels. Source: Koichi Oda
Agricultural residues. Source: shutterstock
Crop residue. Source: USDA
Forest residues. Source: Benoît Gabrielle
College bus in Canterbury. Source: Stephen Mason
High-quality drop-in products have the great potential to outperform fossil-based fuels in terms of engine efficiency, fuel consumption or local emissions.
For aviation, advanced liquid renewables fuels are the only low-carbon option for substituting kerosene, as as they have high energy density and are easier in handling (refueling, storage). Source: KLM
Advanced renewable fuels are among the most viable options to reduce GHG emissions in the transport sector. Source: shutterstock
Express train with tanker with biofuel. Source: shutterstock
KLM has purchased sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for flights out of various cities. Source: KLM
Finnair started a biofuel service early 2019. Source: Neste
Biofuel plant in Sète, France. Source: shutterstock
Biofuel plant of Arcis sur Aube in France. Source: shutterstock
Biofuel plant of Arcis sur Aube in France. Source: shutterstock
Bioethanol plant of Lillebonne in France. Source: shutterstock
France, Le Mériot, July 2008. Saipol biofuel plant in Le Mériot in France. Rapeseed oil milling and extraction factory
